添加钇对 Pt-5Cu 合金组织结构和性能的影响

采用真空电弧熔炼方法制备了Pt-5Cu、Pt-4.9Cu-0.10Y和Pt-0.48Cu-0.20Y合金。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、金相显微镜、显微硬度仪及分光光度计等研究了Pt-Cu及Pt-Cu-Y合金的物相组成、显微组织结构、力学性能及反射率。结果表明，钇对Pt-Cu合金的相结构无明显影响，当钇的添加量为0.20%时，Pt-Cu合金的晶粒尺寸显著细化，晶粒的平均尺寸由约150 μm降至约80 μm；细晶强化使Pt-Cu合金的维氏硬度显著增加到165；在可见光波段内，Pt-Cu及Pt-Cu-Y合金的反射率无明显差别。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱法快速测定混合型饲料添加剂中14种化学药物

目的 建立超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱法快速测定混合型饲料添加剂中培氟沙星、氯霉素、沙丁胺醇、盐酸克伦特罗、氧氟沙星、恩诺沙星、诺氟沙星、氟苯尼考、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲噁唑、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、甲硝唑、多西环素、金刚烷胺共14种化学药物的分析方法。方法 样品经乙腈-水(8:2, V:V)提取, 上清液离心后上样, 以0.1%(V:V)甲酸甲醇溶液和0.1%(V:V)甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱(负离子模式流动相为乙腈-水), C18色谱柱(50 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm)分离。分别采用正/负离子模式检测分析。结果 14种药物的质量数误差绝对值小于5 mDa, 在2.0~100.0 μg/L范围内线性关系良好, 相关系数大于0.99。4个浓度水平的平均回收率为70.6%~119.80%, 相对标准偏差1.0%~12.4%。结论 该方法操作简便、结果准确, 适用于混合型饲料添加剂中非法添加药物的快速筛查分析。     

Relationship on structure and properties of polyurethane modified Diels–Alder addition polymer

A series of linear and crosslinked polyurethane modified materials were prepared by Diels–Alder cycloaddition reaction. Based on raw materials, some novel equations were designed and effects of equation parameters on the mechanical properties of modified material were explored. It was demonstrated that tensile strength of modified materials and elongation at break were changed from 3.68 to 18.71 MPa, 200 to 866%, respectively. In addition, the optimal reaction temperature of retro-Diels–Alder (r-DA) reaction was determined by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and tensile experiments were used to characterize the properties of repolymerized material after degradation. The results indicated the optimal temperature of r-DA for linear and crosslinked polyurethane modified materials is 127 and 150 °C. Moreover, after decomposed, the product was slowly repolymerized at 60 °C, and can more effectively restore material strength under the action of the solvent to achieve self-healing effect. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47355.     

基体稀释或基体匹配石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定土壤样品中铅和镉

用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定土壤样品中Pb和Cd时,有时候直接按照方法标准GB/T 17141—1997操作,测定结果不能满足质控要求。研究结果表明,目标元素系列标准溶液中,分别含和不含土壤基体元素Na、Mg、Al、Si、Fe、Ca等元素混合成分时,校准曲线斜率明显不同。为减小基体效应的影响,基于文献调研和实验结果,对上述方法标准实验步骤进行了下列改进:(1)取相同体积实际样品消解液混合后,定量加入到用于建立校准曲线的系列标准溶液中,用于基体匹配;(2)对消解液进行适度稀释,仍采用标准溶液建立校准曲线。用4个土壤标样和土壤样品加标测定结果对改进后的方法进行了验证,结果表明,基体稀释法测定Pb的回收率范围分别为90.4%~114%;测定低含量Cd时,回收率范围为84.1%~125%。基体匹配法测定Pb和Cd的回收率范围分别为93.0%~105%和102%~119%,基本满足土壤样品中重金属回收率为80%~120%的质控要求。样品中痕量镉在测定下限附近时,应严格控制稀释倍数,或采用基体匹配法测定。改进后的操作步骤适合日常检测工作中大批量土壤样品中Pb和Cd的准确测定。     

输电线路故障查找浅析

简述了输电线路故障的类型和原因，并提出了输电线路故障查找工作的实施要点，以供参考。     

离子膜烧碱生产中盐水脱碘新技术的研究

探讨了对离子膜烧碱生产电解用盐水的除碘新技术,该技术能降低碘对离子膜的负面影响,延长使用寿命。     

An Analysis of Foreign Students＇ Overt Error Types Based on HSK Dynamic Composition Corpus

外国留学生在成语习得中的显性偏误有五种类型,分别是遗漏、误加、误代、错序和杂糅。结合＂HSK动态作文语料库＂对以上5种偏误进行了举例和分析,从而帮助学习者认识和区分偏误类型,找出偏误产生的原因,进一步提高成语习得水平。     

Comparison of quantification strategies for one-point standard addition calibration: The heteroscedastic case

Two quantification strategies for one-point standard addition calibration have been compared mathematically. One strategy involved the extrapolation of measurement points to their intercept with the x-axis to determine the analyte content in the unknown sample, and the other strategy is based upon direct calculation of the analyte content in the unknown sample using the instrumental responses obtained during measurement. The cases of both conventional standard addition calibration (C-SAC) and sequential standard addition calibration (S-SAC) have been considered. The heteroscedastic situation has been considered, where the relative precision of instrumental responses is constant.     

Polymer grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes via facile in situ solution radical polymerisation

A facile strategy to graft polymers onto the surfaces of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was developed via the free radical addition process in the solution radical polymerisation of styrene in presence of the MWCNTs without any pretreatment so that the length of the original MWCNTs remained unchanged. The polystyrene grafted MWCNTs were characterised with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The effect of the amount of the initiator added and of the polymerising temperature on the percentage of grafting (PG%) and conversion of monomer (C%) were calculated from the TGA results. It was found that the maximum PG% of 15.6% was achieved with 0.5% initiator added and the higher polymerising temperature favoured the grafting polymerisation. The proposed method is expected to be extended to other vinyl monomers and offers another diverse way for the sidewall functionalisation of MWCNT.     

氯离子选择性电极-标准加入法测定碳酸稀土中氯

采用HNO₃(1+ 2)溶解样品,氯则全部以Cl^—形式溶解于溶液中,通过测定溶液中Cl^—质量浓度,即可计算出碳酸稀土中氯含量。试验探讨了在以硝酸钾和柠檬酸三钠为总离子强度调节缓冲溶液(TISAB)体系中,主要以EDTA溶液络合稀土离子,采用氯离子选择性电极-标准加入法测定碳酸稀土中氯含量的方法。结果表明:溶液中Cl^—质量浓度在2.0～40.0 mg/L范围内,EDTA溶液和TISAB溶液用量均为10 mL,Cl^—质量浓度的负对数与相应电极电位(E)呈良好线性关系,线性相关系数为0.999 9;为保证测试结果的准确性,样品和电极响应斜率S值的测定须在同一恒温体系下进行;方法检出限为0.947 mg/L;对于5 mg/L的Cl^—,大量K⁺、Na⁺、NO₃^— 不干扰Cl^—的测定,RE³⁺、Ca²⁺、Fe²⁺、Na⁺最大允许量分别为10.0、4.0、5.5、23 g/L。按照实验方法测定碳酸镧和混合碳酸稀土中氯,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)均小于5%;测定值与氯化银比浊法的测定值基本一致。